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Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review

Received: 12 October 2022     Accepted: 9 November 2022     Published: 9 February 2023
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Abstract

Drought is a complicated natural hazard has far-reaching social and Environment impacts. In Ethiopia’s diverse agro-ecological zones, drought remains severe challenge and problem. Pastoralists on the southern on the Ethiopia Kenya-Somalia border endured extreme suffering, including the loss of more than 75% of their cattle and huge migration out of drought–stricken areas. Drought has greatest immediate effects of on pastoralists, including depletion of water resources, rising deforestation, crop failure, and an increase in food price, ill health, livestock output losses and death, and a decline in livestock prices in the Borana Zone. Ethiopian pastoral system is almost all rain-fed livestock production system, which is becoming more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenges by preventing the struggle to reduce poverty and sustainable efforts. The review was showed in southern Ethiopia to understand the drought vulnerability and impacts of climate change and variability on pastoral community and their adaptation strategies. Moreover, based on the drought classification, seven annual droughts occurred in the reviewed area from 1986-2018. While their perception of declining annual rainfall are not supported by actual records. More over the result indicated that the significant increment of maximum and minimum temperature, high inter annual and seasonal rainfall variability have caused effects on their livestock’s wellbeing. The prominent adaptation strategies by the pastoralist are area enclosure herd mobility supplementary feeding livestock destocking. Nevertheless, the adaptation strategies are not practiced in full capacity constrained by different socio economic and institutional factors. Therefore, it is important to provide training and improved livestock’s which drought tolerant. Drought and impacts of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures depending on geography and livestock system may improve the study’s trajectory in the future if further review is done. Also, intervention is needed to address water shortage and up scaling water harvesting technology to conserve water during drought season in the study area.

Published in American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adaptation Measures, Climate Change Impacts, Drought Vulnerability, Southern Ethiopia

References
[1] Abebe Tadege (2007), the rainfall and temperature are considered whether condition by every high levels of the climate change and variability over the past 50 years.
[2] Adger et al., 2009. Perception strongly affects pastoral deal with climate induce risks and opportunities, precise nature of their behavioral responses, adaptation option and adaptation outcomes.
[3] Aklilu Amsalu and Alebachew Adem., 2009. Assessment of climate change-induced hazards, impacts and responses in the southern lowlands of Ethiopia. Forum for Social Studies (FSS).
[4] Assefa Admassie and Berhanu Adenew, 2007; Temesgen Deressa et al., 2009, some attempts have been made to analyze how households adapt to climate change in Ethiopia.
[5] Berhanu Wassie and Beyene Fikedu, 2014. Impacts of climate change on pastoral production system; A study of climate variability and household adaptation strategies in southern Ethiopia rangelands.
[6] Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A. and Ringler, C., 2009. Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: Option and Constraints. Environmental Sciences and policy, 10 (1), pp. 61-70.
[7] Chibinga et al., 2012, over the year’s frequency of climate change and variability in terms of temperature and rainfall has been changed.
[8] Christy et al., 2009; Ethiopia temperature trends have been increasing average temperatures throughout in southern Ethiopia over the past five decades.
[9] According to Cooper et al. (2008) pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities who reside in the arid and semi-arid environments of Ethiopia are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability.
[10] Desalegn Yayeh Ayal., 2015. Opportunities and Challenges of indigenous biotic weather forecasting among the Borena herders of southern Ethiopia. Springer Plus, 4 (1); 1-11.
[11] Desalegn Yeyah and Walter F., 2017, pastoralists have been becoming low adaptive to climate change and variability.
[12] Devereux, 2006, It is claimed that drought such is not making pastoralists vulnerable but rather the increasing marginalization of their drought response mechanisms.
[13] FDRE. 2011, Ethiopia is experiencing the effects of climate change including the direct effects such as an increase in average temperature or a change in rain fall patterns.
[14] Galgalo Dika, 2018. Impact of climate variability and household’s adaptation strategies in lare district of Gambella region, south western Ethiopia. Journal of Earth science and climatic change, 9 (2): 7.
[15] Gbetibouo, Rashid Hassan, R. 2010. Vulnerability of the Pastoralists to climate change and variability their perception on adaptation in the Ethiopia.
[16] Gbetibouo, G. A., 2009. Understanding farmers' perceptions and adaptations to climate change and variability, Washington, DC: Intentional Food Policy Research Institute.
[17] IPCC (Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change). 2014b. Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
[18] Kabubo-Mariara, J., 2008, May. Climate change adaptation and livestock activity choice in Kenya: An economic analysis. In Natural Resource Forum, 32 (2) 131-141). Oxford, UK: Blackwell published Ltd.
[19] Kandlinkar and Risbey, 2000, adaptation households food, income and livelihoods security changing climatic and socio-economic conditions, including climate variability, extreme weather, drought and floods.
[20] McSweeney, C., New, M and Lizcano, G. (Undated). UNDP climate change country profile; Kenya Retried October 10, 2011 from http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.k
[21] Mekasha et al., 2014; Omondi et al., 2014). Changes in extreme of temperature events have been observed in southern of Ethiopia and indicated warm spells, extreme maximum and minimum temperatures increased.
[22] Nega Debela, Mohammed, C., Bridle, K and McNeil, D., 2015, Adaptation to climate change and variability of pastoral and agro-pastoral systems of Borana, South Ethiopia. Option and barriers. American Journal of climate change, 8 (1): 40-60.
[23] Moser and Ekstrom, 2010; Nielsen and Reenberg, 2010, Unsuccessful adaptation in vulnerable communities to gain a better understanding of the nature and form of barriers that constrain adaptation and appropriate remedial action.
[24] NMA. 2007, there is general trend of increasing temperature decreasing precipitation and increasing frequency of drought and floods.
[25] Petheram et al., 2010, In the climate change context adaptation is commonly seen as a set of action and decision making process.
[26] Ramamasy et al., 2008, drought as temporary reduction in moisture availability significantly below the normal for a specified period and it is also over an extended period, usually a season or more.
[27] Rashid Hassen and Charles (2008) and Okoti (2014) diversification livelihoods; business; remittances, relief supplies, increasing the use of water and soil conservation techniques were Biological and physical soil and water conservation measures.
[28] Rota., 2010, pastoralism is a socio-economic status of pastoralist adopted in the Arid and semi-Arid area of Ethiopia those are seeks to maintain a viable balance among their livestock, pasture and people.
[29] Temesgen Tadesse Deressa, Ringler, C Rashid M. Hassan., 2010. Factor affecting the choices of coping strategies for climate extremes. The case of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia IFPRI Discussion Paper, 1032.
[30] Thornton et al, (2009); Coppock et al., 2008; the impacts of climate change on livestock production includes shortage of water; reduce in quality and quantity of feed, heat stress and livestock disease and vectors.
[31] UNFCCC (2012). United Nation Framework on Convection Climate Change; Retrieved November 13th, 2012 from www.unfccc.int/adaptation/items/2973.php
[32] Zerga B., 2015. Degradation of rangelands and rehabilitation efforts in Ethiopia. The case of highland and in the central rift valley of Ethiopia.
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  • APA Style

    Gebisa Koroso, Alemnew Muchie, Girum Faris. (2023). Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 8(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11

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    ACS Style

    Gebisa Koroso; Alemnew Muchie; Girum Faris. Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review. Am. J. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2023, 8(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11

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    AMA Style

    Gebisa Koroso, Alemnew Muchie, Girum Faris. Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review. Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2023;8(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11,
      author = {Gebisa Koroso and Alemnew Muchie and Girum Faris},
      title = {Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajere.20230801.11},
      abstract = {Drought is a complicated natural hazard has far-reaching social and Environment impacts. In Ethiopia’s diverse agro-ecological zones, drought remains severe challenge and problem. Pastoralists on the southern on the Ethiopia Kenya-Somalia border endured extreme suffering, including the loss of more than 75% of their cattle and huge migration out of drought–stricken areas. Drought has greatest immediate effects of on pastoralists, including depletion of water resources, rising deforestation, crop failure, and an increase in food price, ill health, livestock output losses and death, and a decline in livestock prices in the Borana Zone. Ethiopian pastoral system is almost all rain-fed livestock production system, which is becoming more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenges by preventing the struggle to reduce poverty and sustainable efforts. The review was showed in southern Ethiopia to understand the drought vulnerability and impacts of climate change and variability on pastoral community and their adaptation strategies. Moreover, based on the drought classification, seven annual droughts occurred in the reviewed area from 1986-2018. While their perception of declining annual rainfall are not supported by actual records. More over the result indicated that the significant increment of maximum and minimum temperature, high inter annual and seasonal rainfall variability have caused effects on their livestock’s wellbeing. The prominent adaptation strategies by the pastoralist are area enclosure herd mobility supplementary feeding livestock destocking. Nevertheless, the adaptation strategies are not practiced in full capacity constrained by different socio economic and institutional factors. Therefore, it is important to provide training and improved livestock’s which drought tolerant. Drought and impacts of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures depending on geography and livestock system may improve the study’s trajectory in the future if further review is done. Also, intervention is needed to address water shortage and up scaling water harvesting technology to conserve water during drought season in the study area.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review
    AU  - Gebisa Koroso
    AU  - Alemnew Muchie
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20230801.11
    AB  - Drought is a complicated natural hazard has far-reaching social and Environment impacts. In Ethiopia’s diverse agro-ecological zones, drought remains severe challenge and problem. Pastoralists on the southern on the Ethiopia Kenya-Somalia border endured extreme suffering, including the loss of more than 75% of their cattle and huge migration out of drought–stricken areas. Drought has greatest immediate effects of on pastoralists, including depletion of water resources, rising deforestation, crop failure, and an increase in food price, ill health, livestock output losses and death, and a decline in livestock prices in the Borana Zone. Ethiopian pastoral system is almost all rain-fed livestock production system, which is becoming more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenges by preventing the struggle to reduce poverty and sustainable efforts. The review was showed in southern Ethiopia to understand the drought vulnerability and impacts of climate change and variability on pastoral community and their adaptation strategies. Moreover, based on the drought classification, seven annual droughts occurred in the reviewed area from 1986-2018. While their perception of declining annual rainfall are not supported by actual records. More over the result indicated that the significant increment of maximum and minimum temperature, high inter annual and seasonal rainfall variability have caused effects on their livestock’s wellbeing. The prominent adaptation strategies by the pastoralist are area enclosure herd mobility supplementary feeding livestock destocking. Nevertheless, the adaptation strategies are not practiced in full capacity constrained by different socio economic and institutional factors. Therefore, it is important to provide training and improved livestock’s which drought tolerant. Drought and impacts of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures depending on geography and livestock system may improve the study’s trajectory in the future if further review is done. Also, intervention is needed to address water shortage and up scaling water harvesting technology to conserve water during drought season in the study area.
    VL  - 8
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Author Information
  • Forest and Range Land Plant Department, Hawassa Biodiversity Canter, Hawassa, Ethiopia

  • Forest and Range Land Plant Department, Hawassa Biodiversity Canter, Hawassa, Ethiopia

  • Forest and Range Land Plant Department, Hawassa Biodiversity Canter, Hawassa, Ethiopia

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